Increases in HPV-16/18 antibody avidity and HPV-specific memory B-cell response in mid-adult aged men post-dose three of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine

Strong quantitative and functional antibody responses to the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine were reported in mid-adult aged men, but there are limited data on the avidity of the antibody response and the memory B-cell response following vaccination. Although circulating antibodies induced by vaccination are believed to be the main mediators of protection against infection, evaluation of avidity of antibodies and memory B cell responses are critical for a better understanding of the vaccine immunogenicity mechanisms. Both the modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay are tools to measure the humoral and cellular immune responses post vaccination to characterize vaccine immunogenicity. The avidity of HPV-16 and HPV-18 specific IgG in the serum of mid-adult aged men (N = 126) who received three quadrivalent HPV vaccine doses was examined using a modified ELISA. HPV-16 memory B-cell responses were assessed via ELISpot at month 0 (prior to vaccination) and 1-month post-dose three of the vaccine (month 7). The quadrivalent vaccine induced an increase in HPV-16 and HPV-18 antibody avidity at month 7. HPV-18 avidity levels moderately correlated with anti-HPV-18 antibody titers, but no association was observed for HPV-16 antibody titers and avidity levels. The HPV-16-specific memory B-cell response was induced following three vaccine doses, however, no association with anti-HPV-16 antibody avidity was observed. Three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine increased antibody affinity maturation for HPV-16/18 and increased the frequency of anti-HPV-16 memory B-cells in mid-adult aged men.     

Tramadol as a local anaesthetic agent in dentistry: A systematic review of local and systemic adverse effects

Tramadol is an effective alternative local anaesthetic (LA) agent available in dentistry. This review aims to help guide practice by providing clinicians with relevant data regarding adverse effects (AE) associated with locally administered tramadol in the oral environment. A systematic search of three electronic databases was performed to identify relevant studies reporting AE associated with locally administered tramadol in the oral setting. Selected studies were reviewed and included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included: publication year, study design, participant numbers, adverse effects and follow-up duration. Fifteen articles were included comprising of 547 tramadol participants across eight exodontia and seven non-exodontia studies. Thirty-eight associated AE were reported. Nausea was the most commonly reported (4.6%), followed by dizziness (1.3%), vomiting (0.7%) and local erythema (0.4%). No other AE were reported. The prevalence of total AE was similar in ≥ 50 mg tramadol doses (7.2–7.3%); however the total affected number is not dose dependent. The prevalence of AE and affected participants was less when tramadol was used as a sole LA rather than as an adjunct (5.6% vs. 7.9% and 3.4–5.6% vs. 6.3%, respectively). Thus, tramadol is a safe LA agent with a low prevalence of AE when administered in the dental setting.     

盐酸氨溴索对老年妇科腹腔镜手术患者术中肺通气功能的影响

目的探讨术前应用盐酸氨溴索对老年妇科腹腔镜患者术中肺通气功能的影响。方法选择择期腹腔镜下老年子宫切除术患者60例,采用信封法随机分为氨溴索组和对照组,每组30例。氨溴索组在气管插管后10min缓慢静注盐酸氨溴索150mg,对照组静注等量生理盐水。记录给药前(T0)、气腹后5 min(T1)、30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)及气管拔管前(T4)时患者HR、MAP、SpO2、PETCO2、肺顺应性(Compl)、气道阻力(Raw)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、平台压(Pplat)与术中尿量、手术时间、输血输液量。结果与T0时比较,T1~T3时两组患者Ppeak、Pplat明显升高,T1~T4时两组Compl明显下降,T2时两组Raw明显升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,T2、T3时氨溴索组患者Ppeak和Pplat明显降低,T2~T4时Compl明显升高,T3时Raw明显降低(P<0.05)。与T0时比较,两组患者在T1时HR明显增快、MAP明显升高(P<0.05),PETCO2在T1~T3均明显升高(P<0.05),但仍在正常范围内。结论妇科腹腔镜术前应用氨溴索可有效改善老年患者气腹后肺通气功能,降低气道阻力,提高肺顺应性。     

消解通络固肾汤联合盐酸贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病15例

目的探讨消解通络固肾汤联合盐酸贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效分析。方法选取我院2013年12月—2016年6月诊治的早期糖尿病肾病患者30例,根据患者入院治疗时间顺序,将患者分为观察组与对照组。对照组(15例)患者采用盐酸贝那普利进行治疗,观察组(15例)患者采用消解通络固肾汤联合盐酸贝那普利进行治疗。两组治疗期间均控制患者饮食并检测血糖状态,治疗3个疗程后观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果与治疗前相比,对照组各项指标无明显变化差异(P0.05);其SCr水平与治疗前相比下降幅度明显(P0.01);观察组患者与治疗前相比,m ALB、TG、TC、hs-CRP、SCr、BUN均呈现下降趋势(P0.05),下降幅度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论消解通络固肾汤联合贝那普利治疗糖尿病肾病临床疗效佳,值得临床运用推广。     

盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗干槽症的临床观察

目的:比较盐酸米诺环素与碘仿纱条在治疗干槽症中的疗效。方法:对42例确诊为干槽症的患者经过常规清创后,分别采用牙槽窝注射盐酸米诺环素(21例)或者填塞碘仿纱条(21例)的方法治疗,借以控制或缓解临床症状,随访比较其疗效。结果:两种治疗方法的总有效率没有明显差异,但是盐酸米诺环素组的疗效评价为良好的比例明显高于碘仿纱条组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸米诺环素牙用软膏辅助治疗干槽症是一种行之有效的方法。     

盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵治疗干槽症的临床研究

目的:比较盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵与碘仿纱条治疗干槽症的疗效。方法:58例确诊为干槽症的患者经常规清创后,随机均分为2组。实验组牙槽窝内置入盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵;对照组填塞碘仿纱条,随访比较其疗效。结果:组间比较[实验组/对照组:优(例)23/16;良(例)6/11;可(例)0/2],Kruskal-Wallis检验法检验,疗效评价等级为"优"的实验组病例数多于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸米诺环素复合明胶海绵对干槽症的疗效优于碘仿纱条。     

Refractory chronic periodontitis: effect of oral tetracycline hydrochloride and root planing

Refractory chronic periodontitis of 16 patients was treated by root planing and adjunctive tetracycline hydrochloride therapy. The antibiotic was taken orally one hour before root planing and continued for six days at a dosage of 250 mg six hourly. The clinical data for each patient were recorded as the number of probing depths in each of the 1-3 mm, 4-6 mm and 7-10 mm ranges. The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) procedure for repeated measurements was used to analyse the data. The results demonstrated that the number of sites with probing depths of 4-6 mm and 7-10 mm associated with incisors, canines, premolars and molars decreased with a corresponding increase in the number of sites in the 1-3 mm range. Incisor and canine teeth showed a better response to treatment than premolars, which responded better than molars. The cases were followed for varying periods of time from six months to two years following antibiotic therapy. The probing depth reduction achieved following root planing and tetracycline hydrochloride therapy was maintained during this review period.     

盐酸倍他司汀注射液联合丹参川芎嗪注射液治疗后循环缺血性眩晕的临床效果

目的 分析盐酸倍他司汀注射液联合丹参川芎嗪注射液治疗后循环缺血性眩晕的临床效果.方法 选取2019年10月至2020年12月我院收治的100例后循环缺血性眩晕患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各50例.两组患者均进行抗血小板聚集、减压、降脂等常规对症治疗.对照组采取盐酸倍他司汀注射液进行治疗,研究组联合盐酸倍他司汀注射液和丹参川芎嗪注射液进行治疗.比较两组的椎基底动脉平均血流速度、血液流变学指标、血脂水平、临床疗效及生活质量评分.结果 治疗后,两组的RVA、BA、LVA平均血流速度均较治疗前明显升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后,两组的血浆黏度、全血低切黏度、全血高切黏度、红细胞聚集指数、血浆纤维蛋白原水平均较治疗前明显降低,且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后,两组的TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较治疗前明显降低,HDL-C水平均较治疗前明显升高,且研究组优于对照组(P<0.05).研究组的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后,两组的GQOL-74各维度评分均较治疗前明显升高,且研究组高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 盐酸倍他司汀注射液联合丹参川芎嗪注射液治疗后循环缺血性眩晕的临床效果显著,能有效改善患者的椎基底动脉平均血流速度、血液流变学指标及血脂水平,提高其生活质量.     

雾化吸入盐酸肾上腺素注射液的过敏性和刺激性研究

目的 通过豚鼠雾化吸入给予盐酸肾上腺素注射液,评价临床超说明书给予盐酸肾上腺素注射液的安全性。方法 通过建立雾化给药药物浓度检测方法,确定吸入给药实际给药量。以临床使用盐酸肾上腺素给药频次与剂量结合过敏性试验评价方法,采用豚鼠全身主动过敏试验方案,评价盐酸肾上腺素注射液雾化吸入后对豚鼠产生的全身过敏反应及呼吸系统毒性反应。32只豚鼠按体质量随机分成4组：阴性对照组(等体积的生理盐水)、阳性对照组(致敏剂量：20 mg·kg^-1卵白蛋白)、低剂量组(致敏剂量：15.5 μg·kg^-1盐酸肾上腺素)和高剂量组(致敏剂量：31 μg·kg^-1盐酸肾上腺素)。各组激发剂量是致敏剂量的2倍,激发时观察过敏反应症状,激发后采集血液与肺泡灌洗液,全血用于检测血液学,分离血清和肺泡灌洗液用于检测IgE。动物解剖后取支气管与肺脏组织做组织学检测与免疫组化。结果 使用雾化装置给予豚鼠盐酸肾上腺素在给药3.95 min时可达到临床等效剂量。各组豚鼠在致敏给药期间体质量正常增长,无明显异常反应。激发时,阳性对照组豚鼠出现强阳性过敏反应,阴性对照组、低剂量组和高剂量组豚鼠均无明显过敏反应。与阴性对照组比较,阳性对照组豚鼠血液中嗜酸性粒细胞显著升高(P<0.05),血清和肺泡灌洗液中IgE含量明显增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);组织病理学结果显示阳性对照组豚鼠激发后肺组织内出现炎性细胞浸润,肺泡内出现大量红细胞和渗出液;免疫组化结果提示阳性组豚鼠肺组织内炎性症状与B淋巴细胞增多相关。而低剂量组和高剂量组豚鼠血液学指标、血清IgE含量、免疫组化和组织学检查结果均与阴性对照组无明显差异。结论 盐酸肾上腺素注射液经雾化给予豚鼠不发生过敏反应,且未产生呼吸系统毒性。盐酸肾上腺素注射液雾化吸入是安全可行的。     

二甲双胍亚硝胺杂质研究及亲水凝胶骨架材料的筛选

目的 探讨不同亲水凝胶骨架材料与盐酸二甲双胍(metformin hydrochloride,MET)降解生成N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-dimethylnitrosamine,NDMA)之间的相关性,筛选合适的骨架材料用于制备MET缓释片。方法 以高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱为NDMA监测手段,通过原辅料相容性考察确定产生NDMA风险较低的骨架材料,而后考察溶胀性能,确定溶胀作用与参比制剂相似的骨架材料,将筛选出的骨架材料制备缓释片后考察其体外溶出和剂量倾泻的行为。结果 原辅料相容性考察发现羟丙甲纤维素(hypromellose,HPMC)是引起MET降解产生NDMA的主要原因,并筛选出溶胀作用与HPMC相似的卡波姆,以其为骨架材料制备缓释片可获得与参比制剂相似的溶出曲线,且剂量倾泻风险较低,产品稳定性良好。结论 卡波姆可作为HPMC的替代材料,用于制备MET缓释片。